World Heart Day is celebrated every year on 29 September to raise awareness about cardiovascular diseases. There are many heart related problems with increasing age, but there are also some diseases with which a child is born. One of these is chronic heart disease (CHD).
Millions of people in the world suffer from CHD, a common congenital heart problem. CHD is a major public health problem in India due to lack of access to health care. CHD most often occurs in children, but it can also appear in people of different ages.
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Dr. Amit Mishri, Associate Director, Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, Cardiac Care, Medanta, GurugramAccording to the , some people start experiencing symptoms in childhood, while others do not experience any symptoms until adulthood. CHD can affect not only an individual but the entire family and society. The doctor has further explained about the causes, symptoms, types, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Causes and symptoms of chronic heart disease
It is not known why CHD occurs, but it may have the following causes:
- Genetic: CHD runs in the family
- Birth mother: Mother's age at birth, diabetes, or her taking certain medications
- Environment: exposure to certain chemicals or infections during pregnancy
- Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing, swelling in the legs, ankles or feet, decreased blood supply to the limbs, fatigue, and a fast or uneven heartbeat.
Types of CHD
- atrial septal defect (ASD)
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- Tetralogy of Fallot: simultaneous occurrence of VSD, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
- Narrowing of the aorta.
Diagnosis of CHD
CHD can be diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after birth. Clinical trials include:
- echocardiogram
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- chest X-ray
- cardiac catheterization
CHD treatment
Some CHDs resolve on their own, while other CHDs require medical treatment or surgery.
medical management
Medications: Sometimes medications provide relief from the symptoms of CHD. These include:
- diuretic
- beta-blockers
- Digoxin
- blood thinners
surgical procedure
Open heart surgery: If CHD is severe, open heart surgery may be required. In this, during heart surgery, blood circulation in the body is done by heart-lung machine.
Minimally invasive surgery: In minimally invasive surgery, CHD is treated by making a small incision, which causes less damage to the surrounding tissues.
By catheter: CHD is repaired by inserting a catheter through a blood vessel. This procedure is done to close the hole in the heart, open the narrowed blood vessels, and improve the functioning of the heart.
modern treatment
Recent advances in medical technology have provided new and innovative treatments for CHD. These include:
Hybrid procedures: Treatment of CHD by surgery and catheter. These are used in serious cases.
3D Printing: 3D printing technology is used for more personalized and precise treatments.
Stem Cell Therapy: Stem cell therapy is currently being researched for the treatment of CHD.
Disclaimer: This article is for general information only. It cannot in any way be a substitute for any medicine or treatment. Always consult your doctor for further details.
